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openyield/docs/nomads/bearers.md
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cloudinit-bot d09c6132b1 docs(P02): complete nomads docs phase
P2 complete. 8 docs/nomads/ pages: index, reach, stash, bearers, maps-pay,
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no regression. All pages cross-reference docs/shared/.

---ci---
project: oy
phase: 2
milestone: v0.3
status: complete
tag_base: v0.2.x
phase_role: execution
requirements:
  covered: []
  partial: [REQ-027]
---/ci---
2026-08-17 22:14:53 +00:00

2.2 KiB

Bearers

The bearers (REQ-019) are how a Nomad reaches the mesh. OpenYield ships six bearers through a single Unified Bearer Layer: the mesh does not care which bearer a Holder uses — first-to-deliver-wins, and a Nomad can switch bearers without switching identity. The Mirror mirrors the canonical state to every bearer so a Nomad can read the mesh's real return on any of them.

The six bearers

Bearer Live in v0.2 What it is
Internet yes the default bearer; OY Chain over the open internet.
OY-BLE yes Bluetooth Low Energy; short-range, peer-to-peer, no phone plan.
OY-WiFi-Direct yes WiFi Direct; local mesh without an access point.
OY-LR yes Long Range radio (LoRa-class); long-distance, low-bandwidth, surveillance-resistant.
OY-SAT coming (v0.3 P4) satellite; offline coverage via a satellite constellation.
OY-QR coming (v0.3 P4) signed QR code; one-shot offline transfer scanned by a peer.

What this means for a Nomad

A Nomad does not pick "the right bearer". The four already-live bearers (Internet, OY-BLE, OY-WiFi-Direct, OY-LR) cover the everyday situations: on the open internet, in a room with another Holder, in a local group with no router, or kilometers away with no infrastructure. OY-SAT and OY-QR extend that to true-offline paths and are coming in the next phase.

Surveillance resistance

OY-LR, OY-BLE, OY-WiFi-Direct, OY-SAT, and OY-QR are designed to be surveillance-resistant: a Nomad can send or receive value without a phone plan, a SIM, or a custodial on-ramp. The bearer is the transport; the Reach is the identity; the Stash is the storage. None of them depends on a custodial position.

First-to-deliver-wins

The Unified Bearer Layer is first-to-deliver-wins: if a Nomad sends a transfer over two bearers at once, the mesh accepts the first one that arrives and drops the duplicate. This is why a Nomad can switch bearers mid-transfer without double-spending.

See Watchers & Mirror for how the canonical state is mirrored to every bearer, and Maps & Pay for how a Nomad uses a bearer to find and pay for services.