diff --git a/internal/cli/acl.go b/internal/cli/acl.go
index deba309..2f8cea8 100644
--- a/internal/cli/acl.go
+++ b/internal/cli/acl.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ var (
 	aclRevokeNamespace  string
 	aclCheckNamespace   string
 	aclCheckPermission  string
+	aclCheckVerbose     bool
 )
 
 var aclCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -351,6 +352,16 @@ read, write, admin (default: read).`,
 		}
 		identity.Namespace = ns
 		allowed := a.Check(identity, ns, perm)
+		if aclCheckVerbose {
+			fmt.Fprintf(cmd.ErrOrStderr(), "ACL path: %s\n", paths.ACLPath())
+			fmt.Fprintf(cmd.ErrOrStderr(), "Identity: kind=%s id=%s ns=%s\n", identity.Kind, identity.ID, ns)
+			fmt.Fprintf(cmd.ErrOrStderr(), "Permission: %s -> allowed=%v\n", permStr, allowed)
+			entries := a.List()
+			fmt.Fprintf(cmd.ErrOrStderr(), "ACL entries (%d):\n", len(entries))
+			for _, e := range entries {
+				fmt.Fprintf(cmd.ErrOrStderr(), "  kind=%s id=%s ns=%s perms=%d\n", e.Identity.Kind, e.Identity.ID, e.Namespace, e.Permissions)
+			}
+		}
 		if jsonOutput {
 			return printJSON(map[string]any{
 				"identity":   identity,
@@ -373,6 +384,7 @@ func init() {
 	aclGrantCmd.Flags().StringVar(&aclGrantPermissions, "permissions", "read", "comma-separated permissions: read,write,admin")
 	aclRevokeCmd.Flags().StringVar(&aclRevokeNamespace, "namespace", "", "namespace scope (required for tokens; defaults to spiffe path ns)")
 	aclCheckCmd.Flags().StringVar(&aclCheckNamespace, "namespace", "", "namespace scope (required for tokens; defaults to spiffe path ns)")
+	aclCheckCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&aclCheckVerbose, "verbose", false, "print ACL path + loaded entries for debugging")
 	aclCheckCmd.Flags().StringVar(&aclCheckPermission, "permission", "read", "permission to check: read, write, or admin")
 
 	aclCmd.AddCommand(aclGrantCmd)
diff --git a/internal/cli/node_capacity.go b/internal/cli/node_capacity.go
index cfb4c9e..42d5efe 100644
--- a/internal/cli/node_capacity.go
+++ b/internal/cli/node_capacity.go
@@ -11,10 +11,14 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"git.cloudinit.dev/coreci/orca/internal/certpaths"
+	"git.cloudinit.dev/coreci/orca/internal/sshpush"
 	"git.cloudinit.dev/coreci/orca/internal/store"
 )
 
@@ -72,8 +76,11 @@ var nodeCapacitySetCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "Declare capacity for a node (used by bin-packing)",
 	Long:  "Write cpu_millicores, memory_mib, and disk_mib for the named node. Idempotent: subsequent calls overwrite.",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		if capSetCPU <= 0 || capSetMem <= 0 || capSetDisk <= 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("--cpu, --memory, and --disk must all be positive")
+		// REQ-168: allow partial updates. At least one dimension
+		// must be positive; the others are read from the existing
+		// row (or default to 0 if no row exists yet).
+		if capSetCPU <= 0 && capSetMem <= 0 && capSetDisk <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("at least one of --cpu, --memory, or --disk must be positive")
 		}
 		id := capNodeID
 		if id == "" {
@@ -87,11 +94,27 @@ var nodeCapacitySetCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		}
 		defer closer()
 		repo := store.NewCapacityRepo(db)
+		// Read existing row for partial update.
+		existing, _ := repo.Get(ctx, id)
+		cpu := capSetCPU
+		mem := capSetMem
+		disk := capSetDisk
+		if existing != nil {
+			if cpu <= 0 {
+				cpu = existing.CPUMillicores
+			}
+			if mem <= 0 {
+				mem = existing.MemoryMiB
+			}
+			if disk <= 0 {
+				disk = existing.DiskMiB
+			}
+		}
 		c := &store.NodeCapacity{
 			NodeID:        id,
-			CPUMillicores: capSetCPU,
-			MemoryMiB:     capSetMem,
-			DiskMiB:       capSetDisk,
+			CPUMillicores: cpu,
+			MemoryMiB:     mem,
+			DiskMiB:       disk,
 		}
 		if err := repo.Upsert(ctx, c); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -137,6 +160,92 @@ var nodeCapacityListCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	},
 }
 
+
+// nodeCapacityAutoCmd discovers capacity by SSHing to the node and
+// reading nproc, /proc/meminfo, df (REQ-168, Phase D2).
+var capAutoPct int
+
+var nodeCapacityAutoCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "auto [percentage]",
+	Short: "Auto-discover node capacity via SSH (default 75% of physical)",
+	Long: `SSH to the specified node and discover CPU cores, memory,
+and disk capacity. Multiplies the physical values by the given
+percentage (default 75) to reserve headroom for the OS. The discovered
+values are written to the capacity table (same as 'orca node capacity set').`,
+	Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		pct := 75
+		if len(args) > 0 {
+			var err error
+			pct, err = strconv.Atoi(args[0])
+			if err != nil || pct < 1 || pct > 100 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("percentage must be 1-100, got %q", args[0])
+			}
+		}
+		id := capNodeID
+		if id == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("--node is required for capacity auto")
+		}
+		// Build SSH transport and exec discovery commands.
+		transport := sshpush.NewTransport(certpaths.SSHKeyPath(), certpaths.KnownHostsPath())
+		defer transport.Close()
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), 30*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		// CPU: nproc
+		cpuOut, err := transport.Exec(ctx, id, "nproc")
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("capacity auto: SSH exec nproc on %s: %w", id, err)
+		}
+		cores, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(cpuOut)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("capacity auto: parse nproc output %q: %w", string(cpuOut), err)
+		}
+		// Memory: MemTotal from /proc/meminfo (in kB -> MiB)
+		memOut, err := transport.Exec(ctx, id, "awk '/MemTotal/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo")
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("capacity auto: SSH exec meminfo on %s: %w", id, err)
+		}
+		memKB, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(string(memOut)), 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("capacity auto: parse meminfo output %q: %w", string(memOut), err)
+		}
+		// Disk: df on root (1K-blocks -> MiB)
+		diskOut, err := transport.Exec(ctx, id, "df --output=size / | tail -1")
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("capacity auto: SSH exec df on %s: %w", id, err)
+		}
+		diskKB, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(string(diskOut)), 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("capacity auto: parse df output %q: %w", string(diskOut), err)
+		}
+		// Apply percentage, convert to millicores/MiB.
+		cpuM := int64(cores) * 1000 * int64(pct) / 100
+		memMib := memKB * int64(pct) / 100 / 1024
+		diskMib := diskKB * int64(pct) / 100 / 1024
+		// Write to DB.
+		db, closer, err := openDB()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer closer()
+		repo := store.NewCapacityRepo(db)
+		c := &store.NodeCapacity{
+			NodeID:        id,
+			CPUMillicores: cpuM,
+			MemoryMiB:     memMib,
+			DiskMiB:       diskMib,
+		}
+		if err := repo.Upsert(ctx, c); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if jsonOutput {
+			return printJSON(c)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(cmd.OutOrStdout(), "Capacity auto-discovered for %s (%d%%): cpu=%dm, mem=%dMiB, disk=%dMiB\n", id, pct, cpuM, memMib, diskMib)
+		return nil
+},
+}
+
 func init() {
 	nodeCapacitySetCmd.Flags().Int64Var(&capSetCPU, "cpu", 0, "CPU capacity in millicores (1000 = 1 vCPU)")
 	nodeCapacitySetCmd.Flags().Int64Var(&capSetMem, "memory", 0, "Memory capacity in MiB")
@@ -144,6 +253,7 @@ func init() {
 	nodeCapacitySetCmd.Flags().StringVar(&capNodeID, "node", "", "node id (defaults to 'self')")
 	nodeCapacityShowCmd.Flags().StringVar(&capNodeID, "node", "", "node id (defaults to 'self')")
 
-	nodeCapacityCmd.AddCommand(nodeCapacityShowCmd, nodeCapacitySetCmd, nodeCapacityListCmd)
+	nodeCapacityAutoCmd.Flags().StringVar(&capNodeID, "node", "", "node name or ID to auto-discover capacity for")
+	nodeCapacityCmd.AddCommand(nodeCapacityShowCmd, nodeCapacitySetCmd, nodeCapacityListCmd, nodeCapacityAutoCmd)
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(nodeCapacityCmd)
 }
diff --git a/internal/cli/node_capacity_test.go b/internal/cli/node_capacity_test.go
index ff29262..971b28c 100644
--- a/internal/cli/node_capacity_test.go
+++ b/internal/cli/node_capacity_test.go
@@ -10,16 +10,18 @@ import (
 	"git.cloudinit.dev/coreci/orca/internal/store"
 )
 
-func TestNodeCapacitySetMissingArgs(t *testing.T) {
+func TestNodeCapacitySetPartialUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	_, cleanup := initTestEnv(t)
 	defer cleanup()
 	resetRootFlags(t)
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	rootCmd.SetOut(&buf)
 	rootCmd.SetErr(&buf)
+	// REQ-168: partial updates are now allowed. Setting only --cpu
+	// should succeed (memory/disk default to 0 or existing values).
 	rootCmd.SetArgs([]string{"node", "capacity", "set", "--cpu", "1000"})
-	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error for capacity set missing memory/disk, got nil")
+	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success for partial capacity set, got: %v", err)
 	}
 }