# Good Example: Terraform Module

> A reusable Terraform module that follows Atelier's Infrastructure as Code principles. Each aspect cites the principle it satisfies.

## The Module

A versioned module that provisions an S3 bucket with logging, versioning, and encryption — the canonical "secure bucket" pattern, composed rather than copy-pasted.

### Consumer Call

```hcl
module "logs_bucket" {
  source  = "registry.example.com/infra/secure-bucket/aws"
  version = "1.2.0"

  name             = "app-logs"
  region           = "us-east-1"
  force_destroy    = false
  retention_days   = 90
}
```

### Module Structure

```
secure-bucket/
├── main.tf          # the resource
├── variables.tf    # typed inputs
├── outputs.tf      # the interface to consumers
├── versions.tf     # provider pin
└── README.md       # the module contract
```

### `versions.tf` (P5 Version Everything)

```hcl
terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.5.0"
  required_providers {
    aws = {
      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
      version = "~> 5.0"
    }
  }
}
```

### `variables.tf` (P1 Declarative Intent, C2 Clarity)

```hcl
variable "name" {
  type        = string
  description = "Globally unique bucket name."
  validation {
    condition     = can(regex("^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$", var.name))
    error_message = "Bucket name must be lowercase, 3-63 chars, DNS-compatible."
  }
}

variable "retention_days" {
  type        = number
  default     = 30
  description = "S3 lifecycle transition age in days."
}
```

### `main.tf` (P1, P3 State is Truth, P10 Secrets Never in Code)

```hcl
resource "aws_s3_bucket" "this" {
  bucket = var.name
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_versioning" "this" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.this.id
  versioning_configuration {
    status = "Enabled"
  }
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration" "this" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.this.id
  rule {
    apply_server_side_encryption_by_default {
      sse_algorithm = "AES256"
    }
  }
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_lifecycle_configuration" "this" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.this.id
  rule {
    id     = "retention"
    status = "Enabled"
    filter { prefix = "" }
    expiration { days = var.retention_days }
  }
}
```

## What Makes It Good

### Composition (IaC P6 Modules Compose, C6 Composability)
- The bucket pattern is one module, versioned once, consumed many times. A new consumer does not copy 40 lines of HCL — they call the module with a `name` and a `retention_days`.
- See `domains/infrastructure-as-code/modules.md` for the module-vs-copy boundary.

### Pinning (IaC P5 Version Everything)
- The consumer pins `version = "1.2.0"`. The module pins its provider (`version = "~> 5.0"`) and the required Terraform version. A commit is a complete, reproducible world.
- No `latest` anywhere. See `domains/infrastructure-as-code/terraform.md`.

### State Discipline (IaC P3 State is Truth, P8 Remote State with Locking)
- The consumer's root configuration declares a remote backend with locking (S3 + DynamoDB, GCS, etc.). The module itself does not declare a backend — the consumer owns state.
- See `domains/infrastructure-as-code/state.md` for backend selection and locking.

### Secrets Hygiene (IaC P10 Secrets Never in Code)
- The bucket is encrypted at rest (SSE-S3 AES256). No secret is hardcoded; encryption is a provider-managed default. If KMS were used, the key would come from a `data` source or a dedicated KMS module — never a literal.
- See `domains/security/secrets.md` for the general secrets principles.

### Plan Before Apply (IaC P4 Plan Before Apply)
- The consumer runs `terraform plan` before `apply`. The plan shows the new bucket, versioning, encryption, and lifecycle. Every line is reviewed. The plan is the contract review; `apply` is the signature.

### Cross-Domain Links
- `domains/devops/P1 Reproducibility` — the module makes the bucket reproducible from source.
- `domains/devops/P6 Configuration as Code` — the bucket is config, not a console click.
- `domains/security/supply-chain` — a versioned, signed module from a trusted registry is a supply-chain control.