diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/ci.yml b/.gitea/workflows/ci.yml
index 62d0e5d..c7fb14d 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
+      - name: Install Terraform 1.9.*
+        run: |
+          wget -qO- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp.gpg
+          echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y terraform=1.9.*
+
       - name: Install test dependencies
         run: pip install -r requirements-test.txt
 
@@ -70,6 +76,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
+      - name: Install Terraform 1.9.*
+        run: |
+          wget -qO- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp.gpg
+          echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y terraform=1.9.*
+
       - name: Install runtime dependencies
         run: pip install jsonschema pyyaml boto3
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 62d0e5d..c7fb14d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
+      - name: Install Terraform 1.9.*
+        run: |
+          wget -qO- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp.gpg
+          echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y terraform=1.9.*
+
       - name: Install test dependencies
         run: pip install -r requirements-test.txt
 
@@ -70,6 +76,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
+      - name: Install Terraform 1.9.*
+        run: |
+          wget -qO- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp.gpg
+          echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y terraform=1.9.*
+
       - name: Install runtime dependencies
         run: pip install jsonschema pyyaml boto3
 
diff --git a/tests/test_adapter.py b/tests/test_adapter.py
index 6d3db12..ffd0bde 100644
--- a/tests/test_adapter.py
+++ b/tests/test_adapter.py
@@ -230,9 +230,6 @@ class TestAdapterEmitsValidTerraform:
     """The adapter-emitted root main.tf must pass terraform validate."""
 
     def test_s3_instance_emits_valid_terraform(self, tmp_path):
-        import shutil
-        if not shutil.which("terraform"):
-            pytest.skip("terraform binary not installed — run in a CI job with Terraform")
         instance = json.load(open(ROOT / "modules/l1/s3/instance.json"))
         adapt(instance, str(tmp_path))
         result = subprocess.run(